The relief of the earth plays an important role in the formation of climatic conditions in the local area. Orographic waves arising under the influence of mountains develop convective movement and increase the probability of lightning clouds. In the presented work, the role of orographic waves was theoretically evaluated for the Kakheti region. The values of the characteristic parameters of the influence of the terrain on the air flow were estimated and the corresponding analysis was carried out. The opinions derived from the theory have been confirmed by the evaluation and distribution of hail in the re-search region. The distribution of hail and precipitation according to height and the dependence on the direction of the flow of air masses were substantiated. The agreement between the theoretical conclusions and the results observed in operational practice is quite satisfactory.